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U+59CB, 始
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59CB

[U+59CA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+59CC]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 38, +5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女戈口 (VIR), four-corner 43460, composition )

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 258, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6166
  • Dae Jaweon: page 523, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1041, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+59CB

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

𠃭
𠙉

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hljɯʔ) : semantic (woman) + phonetic (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sṳ̄ - vernacular;
  • sé̤ṳ - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Tianjin /sz̩¹³/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Xi'an /sz̩⁵³/
Xining /sz̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /sz̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩⁴²/
Chengdu /sz̩⁵³/
Guiyang /sz̩⁴²/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩²¹²/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩⁵³/
Pingyao /sz̩⁵³/
Hohhot /sz̩⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /sz̩³⁵/
Suzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /sz̩⁵³/
Wenzhou /sz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /sz̩³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕi³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /sz̩²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /sz̩³¹/
Taoyuan /ʃï³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /si⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sy³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /si⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ti³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (26)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter syiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕɨX/
Li
Rong
/ɕiəX/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
si2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ syiX ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥əʔ/
English begin

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 12291
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljɯʔ/

Definitions

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  1. beginning; start
  2. to begin; to start
  3. initial; first
  4. proto-; eo-
  5. then; only then; only after
    Synonym: (cái)

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of beginning): (zhōng)

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (shi)
  • Korean: 시(始) (si)
  • Vietnamese: thuỷ ()

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. to begin; to start

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC syiX).

Affix

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() (shi

  1. beginning; start
  2. initial; first

Derived terms

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See also

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC syiX). Recorded as Middle Korean (si) (Yale: si) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 비롯할 (birothal si))
(eumhun 비로소 (biroso si))

  1. hanja form? of (beginning; start)
  2. hanja form? of (initial; first)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: thủy/thuỷ[1][2][3], thỉ ((thi)(chỉ)(thiết))[2][4][3]
: Nôm readings: thỉ[4][5], thủy/thuỷ[1], thũy/thuỹ

  1. chữ Hán form of thuỷ/thủy (beginning; start; initial).

Compounds

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References

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